Motivasi memakai Jilbab siswa SMAN 1 Lawang dalam perspektif teori social action Max Weber

INDONESIA:

Jilbab merupakan kain untuk menutup aurat sebagai keharusan bagi seorang wanita karena perintah agama. Hal tersebut berlaku bagi semua wanita yang sudah baligh, termasuk remaja SMA. Namun, dari banyaknya siswa SMA yang memakai jilbab, tidak semua karena perintah agama. Terdapat faktor lain yang membuat siswa tersebut memakai jilbab, salah satunya adalah faktor sosial.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) menjelaskan makna jilbab bagi siswa SMAN 1 Lawang, (2) menjelaskan motivasi siswa SMAN 1 Lawang dalam memakai jilbab, (3) mengetahui tipologi tindakan sosial memakai jilbab siswa SMAN 1 Lawang dalam perspektif Teori Social Action Max Weber.

Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus, kemudian secara khusus peneliti menggunakan analisis Teori Tindakan Sosial oleh Max Weber. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, dan pengambilan keputusan.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, (1) siswa SMAN 1 Lawang dalam memaknai jilbab dapat dilihat dari dua macam aspek yaitu kewajiban untuk taat terhadap syariat islam dan sebagai penampilan diri agar dipandang cantik oleh orang lain. (2) siswa SMAN 1 Lawang dalam memakai jilbab dipengaruhi oleh berbagai macam motivasi, antara lain: motivasi agama, motivasi keluarga, motivasi yang berorientasi keamanan, motivasi perasaan, dan motivasi pribadi. (3) tipologi tindakan sosial yang dianalisis menggunakan teori Max Weber menunjukkan adanya tiga tindakan sosial yaitu rasionalitas instrumental, rasionalitas yang berorientasi nilai, dan tindakan afektif.

Melalui hasil penelitian tersebut, disarankan bagi siswa yang sudah memakai jilbab supaya tetap mempertahankan, sedangkan bagi siswa yang kadang-kadang berjilbab supaya meningkatkan kemantapannya untuk berjilbab, dan bagi siswa yang belum berjilbab hendaknya semakin mempelajari kajian islam agar tumbuh kesadaran untuk berjilbab. Bagi peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan mampu menentukan rumusan masalah yang semakin spesifik dan khusus dengan subyek penelitian berbeda guna meningkatkan kemampuan keilmuan mahasiswa.

ENGLISH:

Veil is a cloth to cover some body parts of women as it is an obligation given by Islam. It applies for all grown women including Senior High School students. However, in fact, some female students of Senior High School do not wear veils because of religious commands or rules. There are some other factors instigating students for wearing veil; one of them is social factor.

This study aims to: (1) elucidate the meaning of veil for female students in SMAN 1 Lawang, (2) elucidate the motivation of female students in SMAN 1 Lawang for wearing veil, (3) find out the social action typology of SMAN 1 Lawang female students for wearing veil based on Max Weber’s Social Action Theory Perspective.

The research method used is qualitative approach using study case as the type of study. Moreover, the researcher particularly employed Max Weber’s Social Action Theory analysis. The data collection techniques are interview, observation and documentation. The data analysis comprises data reduction, data presentation and decision making.

The results of the study indicate that (1) how the female students of SMAN 1 Lawang interpret the action of wearing veil can be seen from two aspects; those are the obligation to obey the Islamic rules and physical appearance support for them to be seen as beautiful by others. (2) Female students in SMAN 1 Lawang have various motivations that encourage them to wear veil; some of them are religious, family, safety oriented, feeling and personal motivation, (3) the social action typology that was analyzed using Max Weber’s theory points out three social actions, namely instrumental, value-oriented rationality and affective action.
Based on the results of the study, students who already wore veil are suggested to keep wearing them. Meanwhile, students who wear veil occasionally are advised to increase their self-containment for wearing veil, and those who haven’t worn veil are advised to learn more about Islamic study so that the awareness of wearing veil will grow within themselves. For future researchers, it is expected that they can be able to determine more specific problems and employ different subjects of study in order to improve the students’ academic ability.