Kedudukan dan konsekuensi hukum talak luar sidang Pengadilan di Indonesia dan Malaysia : Studi komparatif di Pengadilan Agama Kota Malang dan Mahkamah Syariah Kuching Sarawak

INDONESIA:

Dalam pengaturan undang-undang tentang hukum Islam, terdapat beberapa perkara yang mengalami kontradiksi antara hukum Islam dan kondisi sosial di suatu negara. Antaranya dalam hal perceraian. Perbedaan timbul antaranya atas perkara talak dalam penetapan sah atau tidaknya talak yang dijatuhkan di luar sidang pengadilan. Perbedaan tersebut ditinjau dari penetapan di dua negara yaitu Indonesia dan Malaysia. Dalam penetapan hukum talak luar sidang pengadilan di kedua negara tersebut pasti terjadi konsekuensi hukum yang timbul atas perbedaan penetapan hukum mengenai talak luar sidang pengadilan.

Tujuan penelitian ini dibuat untuk mendeskripsikan kedudukan talak luar sidang pengadilan di Pengadilan Agama Kota Malang dan Mahkamah Syariah Kuching Sarawak serta konsekuensi hukum yang timbul dari talak luar sidang pengadilan di kedua tempat tersebut. Peneliti menggunakan jenis penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan komparatif deskriptif. Lokasi penelitian adalah di Pengadilan Agama Kota Malang dan Mahkamah Syariah Kuching Sarawak. Sumber data primer dan sekunder digunakan dalam penelitian ini dan metode pengumpulan data adalah wawancara dan dokumentasi.

Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Pengadilan Agama Indonesia khususnya Kota Malang tidak mengakui adanya talak luar sidang pengadilan sementara Mahkamah Syariah Kuching Sarawak mengakui perkara tersebut melalui proses pengesahan perceraian. Jumlah talak akibat talak luar pengadilan di Kucing Sarawak tergantung lafaz talak suami sementara Pengadilan Agama membenarkan suami mentalak istrinya dengan talak satu. Mahkamah Syariah Kuching Sarawak menetapkan iddah istri bermula saat dijatuhkan talak oleh suami di luar sidang pengadilan sementara Pengadilan Agama Kota Malang menetapkan iddah istri bermula saat diputus cerai oleh hakim. Mahkamah Syariah Kuching Sarawak menetapkan denda maksimal satu ribu ringgit atau kurungan maksimal enam bulan kepada pelanggar talak luar sidang pengadilan sementara Pengadilan Agama Kota Malang tidak membebankan apa-apa sanksi kepada pasangan suami istri yang bercerai di luar sidang pengadilan.

ENGLISH:

In regulating Islamic law, there are several cases which are contradicted to social atmosphere such as divorce. Difference arises on the status of divorce which is legal or not when divorce is pronounce off-trial. These differences are viewed from the comparative in two countries which are Indonesia and Malaysia. The implementation of the law of divorce outside the trial in both countries there must have been legal consequences arising from the different legal provisions regarding off-trial divorce.

The aim of this study is to describe the status of divorce outside the trial in the Malang City Religious Court and Kuching, Sarawak's Syariah Court and the legal consequences arising from off-trial divorce in both places. The researcher used a type of field research with a descriptive comparative approach. The location of the study was in the Religious Court of Malang City and the Kuching Sharia Court in Sarawak. Primary and secondary data sources were used in this study. The methods of data collection were interviews and documentation.

The results of the study found that the Indonesian Religious Court, especially Malang City, did not acknowledge the existence of off-trial divorce while the Kuching Sharia Court of Sarawak recognized the case through a process of ratification of the divorce. The number of talak due to off-trial divorce in the Kuching, Sarawak depends on the husband’s divorce pronounce while the Religious Court permits husband to let his wife go after talak one has been pronounce. Kuching Sarawak Sharia Court stipulates that the wife begins when she is divorce by her husband off-trial while the Religious Court of Malang City stipulates that the wife started when he was divorced by the judge. Kuching Sarawak Sharia Court stipulates a maximum fine of one thousand ringgit or a maximum of six months imprisonment for divorce offenders divorce outside the trial while the Malang Religious Court does not impose any sanctions on married couples who divorce off-trial.