Induksi kalus daun Nilam Aceh (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) dengan penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh picloram dan kinetin secara in vitro

INDONESIA:

Tanaman nilam aceh (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) merupakan tanaman penghasil minyak atsiri berupa patchouli oil yang memiliki patchouli alcohol untuk memfiksasi parfum agar wanginya lebih tahan lama. Kebutuhan patchouli oil terus meningkat sejalan dengan kenaikan konsumsi terhadap produk parfum, kosmetika, sabun dan sebagainya. Patchouli oil dapat diperoleh melalui kultur kalus dengan penambahan konsentrasi picloram dan kinetin sehingga produksinya meningkat dan dapat dijadikan acuan konsentrasi ZPT yang paling optimal dalam peningkatan metabolit sekunder. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh picloram dan kinetin serta kombinasinya terhadap induksi kalus daun nilam Aceh secara in vitro.

Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental, menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 16 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini ada dua faktor yaitu: konsentrasi picloram meliputi 0 mg/L, 2 mg/L, 4 mg/L, dan 6 mg/L dan konsentrasi kinetin meliputi 0 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L dan 3 mg/L. Data dianalisis dengan Uji ANAVA Two Way α = 5%. Apabila terdapat perbedaan signifikan maka dilanjutkan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) dengan taraf signifikan 5%.

Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh konsentrasi picloram dan konsentrasi kinetin terhadap induksi kalus daun nilam aceh. Konsentrasi picloram 2 mg/L berpengaruh nyata terhadap induksi kalus yaitu 12 HST, persentase kalus 93,42% dan berat kalus 0,56 gr. Konsentrasi kinetin 1 mg/L hanya berpengaruh nyata terhadap berat kalus sebesar 0,38 gr. Kombinasi picloram 2 mg/L + kinetin 1 mg/L hanya berpengaruh nyata terhadap berat kalus sebesar 0,71 gr dengan tekstur kompak dan warna kalus kuning.

ENGLISH:

Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) plants are the essential plants that producing oil namely patchouli oil that has patchouli alcohol for fixing perfume so the fragrance is more durable. Patchouli oil needs will increase during consumption of perfume products, cosmetics, soaps and so on. Patchouli oil can be obtained with callus culture with the addition of picloram and kinetin concentration, so can increase callus production and can be used as reference of the most optimal concentration of PGR in increasing of secondary metabolite later. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of picloram and kinetin and its combination on induction of Aceh patchouli leaf calli in vitro.

This study was experimental and using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 16 treatment combinations and 3 replications. The treatments in this study were two factors: First factor is picloram concentration including 0 mg/L, 2 mg/L, 4 mg/L, and 6 mg/L. Second factor is kinetin concentration included 0 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L and 3 mg/L. The data were analyzed by ANOVA Two Way Test (α = 5%). If there are significant differences then continued test Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with 5% significant level.

The result of this research shows there is influence of picloram concentration and kinetin concentration on callus induction of patchouli aceh. Concentration of picloram 2 mg/L influence is 12 the day after plant, the percentage of callus growth is 93,42% and weight callus is 0,56 gr. Concentration of kinetin 1 mg/L only influence on weight callus is 0,38 gr. Combination of picloram 2 mg/L + kinetin 1 mg/L only influence on weight callus is 0,71 gr with compact texture and color callus is yellow.