Deteksi keragaman genetik menggunakan penanda ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) dan keragaman fenotip pada tanaman krisan (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) varietas PINK FIJI yang diinduksi dengan EMS (Ethyl Methanesulfonate) secara in vitro

INDONESIA :

Krisan (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) merupakan satu diantara jenis tanaman hias yang memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi di Indonesia. Namun terdapat kendala dalam produksinya yaitu terbatasnya varian dari bunga krisan yang ada dan sulitnya dilakukan persilangan sehingga mutasi buatan diperlukan untuk membuat keragaman genetik. EMS (Ethyl Methanesulfonate) merupakan senyawa kimia yang bersifat mutagenik dan sering digunakan dalam induksi mutasi buatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama perendaman EMS 0.77% terhadap keragaman fenotip tanaman krisan varietas Pink Fiji dan deteksi keragaman genetik menggunakan penanda ISSR

Rancangan penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan faktor tunggal yaitu lama perendaman EMS 0 menit, 90 menit, 105 menit, dan 120 menit. Data yang diperoleh berupa kualitatif, data kuantitatif dianalisis dengan one way anova. Jika ada pengaruh yang signifikan, analisis dilanjutkan dengan uji beda (Duncan Multiple Range Test) DMRT 5%. Data molekuler berupa profil DNA dan dianalisis dengan software PAST

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh lama perendaman EMS 0.77% berpengaruh nyata terhadap keragaman fenotipe tanaman krisan varietas Pink Fiji pada semua variabel pengamatan. Perlakuan 120 menit menghasilkan tinggi tanaman dan luas daun terendah, perlakuan 90 dan 105 menit memiliki jumlah tunas dan daun paling banyak. Perlakuan lama perendaman 90-120 menit memperbesar ukuran batang, menit memiliki bentuk daun memanjang, perlakuan lama perendaman 105 dan 120 menit menghasilkan susunan daun roset. Keragaman genetik tanaman krisan menghasilkan pita DNA polimorfisme menggunakan ISSR dengan primer (AG)8CT. Jarak genetik perlakuan kontrol dengan perlakuan lama perendaman 90 menit, 105 menit, dan 120 menit berturut-turut yaitu 0.9, 0.91, dan 1.

ENGLISH :

Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) is one of Indonesian ornamental plants which has high economic value. The high level of demand in the country has not been met, therefore most needs of chrysanthemum plants were from imports, causing the barrier of production is limited variant of chrysanthemum flower. Plant breeding program is still constrained in terms of low genetic diversity in germplasm. The artificial mutations were needed in order to make new genetic diversity. EMS (Ethyl Methanesulfonate) is a chemical compound that is mutagenic and frequently used in the induction of artificial mutations. Aims of this research is to know the influence of long soaking EMS 0.77% against the phenotypes diversity of chrysanthemum Pink Fiji varieties and the detection of genetic diversity using ISSR markers

Research design used was Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with the single factor that is long soaking the EMS from 0, 90, 120, and 105 minutes. Qualitative data were obtained and analyzed with one way ANAVA. a significant influence was continued with DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) 5%. Molecular data of DNA profiles and analyzed with software PAST.

The results showed the influence long soaking EMS 0.77% of phenotypic diversity against chrysanthemum Pink Fiji varieties on all variable observations. Long soaking treatment 120 minutes lower the height of the plant and broad leaves, long soaking 105 minutes the highest number of buds and long soaking 90 minutes is equal to 120 minutes in terms of number of leaves. Long soaking treatment 90-120 minutes the highest size of the old stem, long soaking 90-120 minutes has a form of elongated leaves, long soaking 105 and 120 minutes produces a rosette of leaf arrangement. Chrysanthemum plant genetic diversity produces band of DNA polymorphism using ISSR with (AG) 8CT primer. Genetic distance control treatment with long soaking treatment 90, 105, and 120 minutes was 0.9, 0.91, and 1, repectively.