Keanekaragaman serangga tanah di Perkebunan Apel Konvensional dan Semiorganik Kecamatan Bumiaji Kota Batu

INDONESIA:

Apel merupakan komoditas pertanian yang banyak dibudidayakan di Kota Batu. Budidaya apel di Kota Batu menggunakan konsep pertanian konvensional dan semiorganik. Penggunaan pupuk kimia dan pestisida yang berlebihan menyebabkan turunnya keanekaragaman serangga tanah. Keanekaragaman serangga tanah dapat dijadikan sebagai indikator kestabilan ekosistem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman serangga tanah di perkebunan apel konvensional dan semiorganik Kecamatan Bumiaji Kota Batu.

Penelitian dilakukan pada perkebunan apel konvensional dan semiorganik pada bulan April-Mei 2017.Penelitian bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode eksplorasi.Identifikasi serangga tanah dilakukan di Laboratorium Ekologi dan laboratorium Optik Jurusan Biologi Fakultas sains dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang.Analisis faktor fisika-kimia tanah di Laboratorium Tanah Jurusan Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya Malang.Pengambilan data dengan menggunakan metode perangkap jebak (pitfall trap) berjumlah 30 buah di setiap perkebunan. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan program Past 3.14, sedangkan identifikasi menggunakan buku Borror, dkk., (1996) dan BugGuide.net (2017).

Hasil penelitian di perkebunan apel konvensional dan semiorganik Kecamatan Bumiaji Kota Batu diperoleh 5 ordo, 9 famili, 9 genus, dan 1.127 individu, berdasarkan peranan sebagai herbivora sebanyak 4 genus, dekomposer sebanyak 2 genus, dan detritivor 1 genus, dan predator sebanyak 2 genus. Indeks keanekaragaman (H’) di lahan konvensional sebesar 1,003 sedangkan di lahan semiorganik sebesar 1,048. Faktor fisika-kimia di lahan konvensional yaitu 22,53 °C; kelembaban 81%; kadar air 36,53; pH 5,23; C-organik 2,28%; N 0,27%; C/N 8,67; BO 4,12%; P 140,23 mg/kg; K 1,03 mg/100. Sedangkan di lahan semiorganik yaitu suhu 24,03 °C; kelembaban 81,33%; kadar air 37,23%; pH 5,70; C-organik 3,25%; N 0,26%; C/N 13,67; BO 5,62%; P 212,86 mg/kg; K 2,81mg/100. Hasil korelasi faktor fisika-kimia tanah dengan jumlah serangga tanah didapati hasil korelasi positif terhadap suhu, kelembaban, N total, dan kalium. Sedangkan korelasi negatif yaitu terhadap pH, C-organik, C/N, bahan organik, fosfor, dan kadar air.

ENGLISH:

Apples are agricultural commodities that are widely cultivated in Batu City. Apples cultivated in Batu City using the concept of conventional and semiorganic farming. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides leads to a decrease in the diversity of soil insects. Soil habitat diversity can be used as an indicator of ecosystem stability. This study aims to determine the diversity of insects in conventional and semiorganic apple plantations in Bumiaji, Batu City.

This Study was conducted on conventional and semiorganic apple plantation in April-May 2017. This study used descriptive quantitative with exploration method. Identified of soil insects is done in Ecology Laboratory and Optics Laboratory of Biology Department Science and Technology Faculty of Islamic State University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang. Physicochemical factor analysis of soil, conducted in Soil Laboratory of Agriculture Department of UniversitasBrawijaya, Malang. Data collection using trap method (pitfall trap) amounted to 30 pieces in each plantation. The data of the research were analyzed using Past 3.14 program, while identification using Borror, et al. (1996) and BugGuide.net (2017).

The results of this study on conventional and semiorganic apple plantations in Bumiaji, Batu City, obtained 5 orders, 9 families, 9 genus, and 1,127 individuals, based on the role as herbivore, there are 4 genus, 2 genus decomposers, 1 genus detritivor, and 2 genus predators. The diversity index (H ') in the conventional fields is 1.003, while in the semiorganic fields is 1.048. Physicochemical factors in conventional fields are 22.53 ° C; humidity 81%; water content 36,53; pH 5.23; C-organic 2.28%; N 0.27%; C / N 8.67; BO 4.12%; P 140,23 mg / kg; K 1.03 mg / 100. While in the semiorganic fields are 24.03 ° C; humidity 81.33%; water content 37,23%; pH 5.70; C-organic 3,25%; N 0.26%; C / N 13.67; BO 5.62%; P 212.86 mg / kg; K 2.81mg / 100. The result of corellation between physicochemical soil factors with soil insect number was found the result of positive correlation with temperature, humidity, total N, and potassium. While negative correlation is pH, C-organic, C / N, organic material, phosphorus, and water content.