Hierarchy of human needs of Amir in Khaled Hosseini’s the kite runner

ENGLISH:

This study aims to analyze the hierarchy of needs of one of main characters, i.e, Amir, in Khaled Hossini’s The Kite Runner by the theory of Abraham Maslow (1943) and to identify the Amir’s dominant need. The data are taken from the words, sentences, and dialogues in Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner, which was published in New York in 2003 by Riverhead Books. The data are collected through comprehensive reading on the novel, highlighting, and classifying the words, sentences, and dialogues in the novel related to human needs, and analyzing them by Maslow’s theory on hierarchy of human needs.

The results of this study show that there are several kinds of needs of Amir in The Kite Runner. First, Amir fulfills his physiological needs by eating luxury food such as naan and cherry marmalade, wearing flannel pajamas, and leaning out the window when he feels asphyxiated. Then, Amir fulfills safety needs of security and freedom from fear and from anxiety when his neighbors tease him, when Baba asks about Hassan, when he is in the Ali’s foyer, and when he is in the tank with Baba. After that, Amir fulfills love and belongingness when he win the tournament, when Hassan shoots the neighbor’s dog, Rahim calls him by „Amir jan‟, Baba takes him to go to Ghargha Lake, and when Soraya is knitting sweaters for Amir. Besides self-respect, Amir has confidence, independence, and freedom, such as in the fight-kite tournament, Amir is confident that he will to be a winner. Finally, he fulfills self-actualization when he wants to be a good writer, he win tournament, and he will go to Kabul to pick up Sohrab as his redemption of his mistakes and Baba’s mistakes in the past.

The results of this study also show that Amir’s needs are fulfilled by others. Mostly, Hassan fulfilled his deficiency of needs. Moreover, Amir’s human needs are fulfilled by those who are nearby, such as Baba, Ali, Rahim Khan, and Soraya as his wife. Then, the researcher finds that the most dominant human needs of Amir in Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner is safety needs.

INDONESIA:

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan-kebutuhan hirarki dari salah satu karakter utama, yaitu Amir, dalam novel Khaled Hosseini, The Kite Runner, dengan menggunakan teori Abraham Maslow (1943) dan untuk mengidentifikasi kebutuhan Amir yang paling dominan.. Data penelitian ini diambil dari kata-kata, kalimat, dan dialog dalam novel Khaled Hosseini, The Kite Runner, yang diterbitkan di New York pada tahun 2003 oleh Riverhead Books. Pengumpulan data melalui pembacaan novel secara komprehensif, menandai, dan mengklasifikasi kata, kalimat, dan dialog dalam novel tersebut berdasarkan kebutuhan manusia, dan di analisis dengan teori Maslow yaitu hirarki kebutuhan manusia.

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa jenis kebutuhan Amir dalam novel The Kite Runner. Pertama, Amir memenuhi kebutuhan fisiologisnya dengan memakan makanan mewah, memakai piyama flannel, dan melongok ke jendela ketika ia merasa sesak napas. Kemudian, Amir juga dapat memenuhi kebutuhan keamanan, kebebasan dari rasa takut dan dari kegelisahan, ketika tetangganya menggodanya, ketika Baba bertanya mengenai Hassan, ketika ia di dalam serambi Ali, dan ketika ia didalam tank bersama Baba. Setelah itu, Amir memenuhi kebutuhan cinta dan rasa memiliki, ketika ia memenangkan tournament, ketika Hassan membidik mata anjing tetangganya, ketika Rahim memanggilnya „Amir jan‟, Baba mengajaknya ke Danau Ghargha, dan ketika Soraya merajut sweaternya. Selain itu, dalam kebutuhan harga diri, Amir merasa percaya diri, independen, dan merasa bebas, seperti disaat turnamen layang-layang, Amir percaya bahwa dia akan menjadi pemenang. Akhirnya, dia bisa memenuhi kebutuhan pengaktualisasi diri ketika ia ingin menjadi penulis, ketika dia memenangkan turnamen, dan ketika ia akan pergi ke Kabul untuk menjemput Sohrab sebagai penebusan dari kesalahannya dan kesalahan Baba pada waktu lampau.

Dari hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan Amir dipenuhi oleh orang lain. Kebanyakan, Hassan yang memenuhi kebutuhan dasar Amir. Selain itu, kebutuhan Amir juga terpenuhi dengan orang-orang yang dekat dengannya, seperti Baba, Ali, Rahim Khan, dan Soraya. Kemudian, peneliti juga menemukan bahwa kebutuhan manusia yang paling dominan pada Amir di novel tersebut adalah kebutuhan keamanan.