Studi keanekaragaman zooplankton sebagai bioindikator kualitas perairan di Ranu Pani dan Ranu Regulo Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru

INDONESIA:

Perairan Ranu Pani dan Ranu Regulo merupakan salah satu Ranu yang terdapat di Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru (TN.BTS). Keberadaan kedua sumber air ini mulai terancam kebersihannya karena aktifitas wisatawan, limbah rumah tangga dan limbah pertanian. Kualitas air dari kedua sumber air ini perlu pemantauan secara berkala agar kondisi perairan dapat selalu terjaga. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang keanekaragaman zooplankton sebagai bioindikator kualitas perairan di Ranu Pani dan Ranu Regulo TN.BTS. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi zooplankton, mengetahui keanekaragaman dan dominansi serta mengetahui kualitas air berdasarkan keanekaragaman zooplankton dan faktor fisika kimia air di Perairan Ranu Pani dan Ranu Regulo.

Penelitian bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif dan dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei sampai juni 2011 di Perairan Ranu Pani dan Ranu Regulo Taman TN.BTS. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada zona limnetik di 5 (lima) stasiun pengamatan. Sampel air sebanyak 25 ml yang diperoleh diawetkan dengan menggunakan formalin 4% sebanyak 3-5 tetes. Faktor fisika kimia yang diamati meliputi, suhu, pH, kecerahan, TDS, TSS, DO, BOD, COD, fosfat dan nitrat. Analisis data meliputi kelimpahan, indeks keanekaragaman, dan indeks dominansi.

Hasil pengamatan di perairan Ranu Pani menemukan 13 genus zooplankton yang terdiri dari Arcella, Nauplius, Trichocherca, Brachionus, Keratella, Polyarthra, Ciclopoid, Chaetonotus, Chollotheca, Undinula, Paramaecium, Lepadella dan Tropochylops Sedangkan pada Ranu Regulo sebanyak 10 Genus yaitu, Arcella, Nauplius, Chaetonotus, Floscularia, Paramaecium, Monostyla, Undinula, Anuraeopsis, Lepadella, dan Trichocherca. Keanekaragaman di perairan Ranu Pani lebih rendah dari keanekaragaman di perairan Ranu Regulo, besarnya indeks keanekaragaman tersebut yaitu di Perairan Ranu Pani 1,56 dan di Ranu Regulo sebesar 2,06. Dominansi di perairan Ranu Pani lebih besar dari pada di Ranu Regulo, besarnya indeks dominansi tersebut yaitu di Ranu Pani sebesar 0,36 dan di Ranu Regulo sebesar 0,16. Berdasarkan nilai indeks keanekaragaman, perairan Ranu Pani dan Ranu Regulo tergolong tercemar sedang dan berdasarkan baku mutu air dari Peraturan Pemerintah RI Nomor 82 tahun 2001 tergolong kelas II dan III.

ENGLISH:

Ranu Pani and Ranu Regulo Aquatic freshwaters there was in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TN.BTS). The existence of two sources of clean water is increasingly threatened to people of community activities, household waste and agricultural waste. Water quality of both these water sources need to be regularly monitored sustainable that water conditions could be maintained. Therefore, it is need to do research on the diversity of Zooplankton as bioindicator water quality at Ranu Pani and Ranu Regulo TN.BTS. The purpose of this experiment was to determine to identify Zooplankton, know the diversity and dominance and water quality based on the Zooplankton diversity and chemical physics in the waters of Ranu Pani and Ranu Regulo.

This research used descriptive quantitative method, was implemented in May until June 2011 in the waters of Ranu Pani and Ranu Regulo TN.BTS. The sampling is done on limnetic zone in 5 (five) observation stations. As much as 25 ml water sample obtained using formalin preserved with 4% as much as 3-5 drops. Chemical physics observed factors include, temperature, pH, brightness, TDS, TSS, DO, BOD, COD, phosphate and nitrate. Analysis of data are index of diversity and dominance index.

According to the results of this research, showed that observations at the waters Ranu Pani was found 13 genera of zooplankton Arcella, Nauplius, Trichocherca, Branchionus, Keratella, Polyarthra, Ciclopoid, Chaetonotus, Chollotheca, Undinula, Paramaecium, Lepadella and Tropochylops Ranu Regulo While on as many as 10 Genus is, Arcella, nauplius , Chaetonotus, Floscularia, Paramaecium, Monostyla, Undinula, Anuraeopsis, Lepadella, and Trichocherca. Diversity at Ranu Pani waters is lower than diversity in waters Ranu Regulo, the magnitude of the diversity index is in the waters of Ranu Pani 1,56 and Ranu Regulo 2,06. Ranu Pani dominance in waters greater than Ranu Regulo, the magnitude of the dominance index is at Ranu Pani of 0,36 and Ranu Regulo of 0,16. Based on the value of diversity index, the waters of Ranu Pani and Ranu Regulo being classified as polluted and based on raw water quality of government regulation No. 82 of 2001 belong to class II and III.